Research into a new protein might lead to the development of a new group of superfoods with many health benefits, study authors say.

The protein that is being researched is called Nrf2. Researchers from the University of Warwick found that this protein continuously moves in and out of the nuclei of human cells to sense the cell's health and vitality.

When the protein senses threat to any cell's health, it begins to oscillate faster and activates an increase in the cell's defense mechanism by raising the levels of antioxidants.

In the study, researchers were able to increase the protein's movements by introducing artificial health benefit substances into the body, which can be potential components of a new group of superfoods. These included broccoli-derived sulforaphane and quercetin, which arefound in high-levels in onions.

The findings of the study helped researchers develop new food supplements, which are currently being  trialed to decrease risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.

"The way Nrf2 works is very similar to sensors in electronic devices that rely on continual reassessment of their surroundings to provide an appropriate response," lead author Professor Paul Thornalley said in a press statement. "The health benefit of Nrf2 oscillating at a fast speed is that surveillance of cell health is increased when most needed, that is, when cells are under threat. By understanding how this process works and increasing Nrf2's speed without putting cells under threat, new strategies for design of healthier foods and improved drugs can be devised. Current designs may have selected substances with suboptimal if not poor health benefits in some cases."

This is the first study that records the continuous movement of Nrf2. Researchers noted that this protein moves in and out of a cell's nucleus every 129 minutes. When stimulated by a health beneficial vegetable-derived substance, Nrf2's cycle sped up to 80 minutes.

"A main nutritional challenge in Europe is to substantiate the beneficial effects of foods that are advertised to the consumers. The approach of the group of Prof Thornalley is opening a fascinating new window," Professor Andreu Palou, coordinator of the EU-funded BIOCLAIMS research program said.

The study was published online in the journal Antioxidants and Redox Signalling.